1,2 Hexanediol

1,2-Hexanediol is a six-carbon dihydric alcohol consisting of a linear hydrocarbon backbone with hydroxyl groups at positions 1 and 2. These functional groups are responsible for its hygroscopicity, polarity, and antimicrobial profile.

At standard conditions, 1,2-Hexanediol is a clear, colorless, moderately viscous liquid that is hygroscopic. It has a density of about 0.95 g/cm³ at 25 °C, a boiling point near 223 °C, and a melting point close to 2 °C. The compound is miscible with water and with many polar organic solvents, including alcohols and fatty acids. Its solubility and polarity make it an effective humectant, solubilizer, and co-solvent.

The substance is stable under recommended storage conditions. It should be stored in tightly closed containers to minimize moisture uptake. It is non-volatile and not prone to forming explosive mixtures with air. Strong oxidizing agents should be avoided, as they may trigger decomposition.

Toxicological assessments classify 1,2-Hexanediol as a substance of low acute toxicity. It is generally safe for cosmetic and pharmaceutical use at regulated concentrations. Direct skin contact is usually well tolerated, though mild irritation may occur in sensitive individuals. The compound has low oral and inhalation toxicity due to its low volatility. No evidence exists of carcinogenic, mutagenic, or reproductive toxicity.

1,2-Hexanediol is readily biodegradable, with low persistence and little bioaccumulation potential. Its aquatic toxicity is low, with no observed adverse effect concentrations at ≥ 10 mg/L. Although environmentally compatible under controlled use, unintentional releases into surface waters or soils should be avoided.