Benzyl alcohol

Benzyl alcohol is an organic chemical compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Its structure includes a benzene ring, which is connected to a hydroxyl group via a methylene group. It is an aromatic alcohol without a chirality center. The substance appears as a colorless, faintly smelling liquid and is commonly used as a solvent or preservative.

Benzyl alcohol is a colorless, slightly viscous liquid with a faint, pleasant aromatic odor. The compound has a melting point of -15.4°C and a boiling point of 205.31°C. It is sparingly soluble in water but highly soluble in many organic solvents such as ethanol, diethyl ether, or chloroform. Benzyl alcohol is hygroscopic and exhibits moderate volatility. Chemically, it behaves like typical primary alcohols, can be oxidized, and shows reactivity toward acids and bases under suitable conditions.

Benzyl alcohol is non-reactive and stable under normal conditions of use, storage, and transport. It does not decompose at room temperature and is relatively resistant to air and light. However, the substance reacts violently with phosphorus trichloride. Strong heating or the presence of strong oxidizing agents can cause decomposition. Benzyl alcohol can react with strong acids or bases under certain conditions.

Benzyl alcohol has low to moderate acute toxicity. After oral ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact, it may cause irritation of the mucous membranes, nausea, headaches, or central nervous system symptoms. At higher concentrations, benzyl alcohol can have a narcotic effect. Repeated or prolonged contact may cause mild skin irritation.