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Sulphuric acid
Sulphuric acid is one of the most important and widely used industrial chemicals worldwide. As a strong mineral acid, it plays a central role in numerous manufacturing processes across chemical, metallurgical, and pharmaceutical industries. Industrial production typically follows the contact process, where sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfur trioxide and absorbed in water or concentrated acid to yield sulphuric acid.
In industry, sulphuric acid is used for the manufacture of fertilizers (especially phosphate fertilizers), petroleum refining, metal surface treatment, wastewater purification, and as a vital raw material for producing other chemicals such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid. In the pharmaceutical sector, it serves as a catalyst, dehydrating agent, and pH regulator in synthesis processes for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and intermediates.
At PENPET, we supply sulphuric acid 96% of high industrial and pharmaceutical processing quality from reliable sources. We guarantee consistent specifications and long-term supply security. The product is available in IBC containersfor safe and efficient handling.
CAS no. 7664-93-9
EINECS no. 231-639-5
Molecular formula: H₂SO₄
Synonyms: Oil of vitriol, battery acid, hydrogen sulfate
Areas of application: Fertilizer manufacturing, chemical production, petroleum refining, metal pickling and surface treatment, battery acid for lead–acid accumulators, dehydration and catalyst in organic syntheses, wastewater treatment, pharmaceutical manufacturing processes.
More information
Sulphuric acid is a colorless liquid composed of hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. In 96% concentration, it is highly corrosive and has strong oxidizing and dehydrating properties. It is hygroscopic and reacts vigorously with water and many organic substances, releasing significant heat.
Physical and chemical properties
Sulphuric acid 96% is a clear liquid that is odorless under normal conditions but may emit acrid vapors when heated. It has a density of approximately 1.84 g/cm³ at 20 °C, a boiling point of about 338 °C, and a melting point near 10 °C. The acid is completely miscible with water in all proportions, with the mixing process being strongly exothermic.
Stability and reactivity
Stable under normal storage conditions. Strongly reactive with water, bases, organic compounds, many metals, and oxidizing/reducing agents. Thermal decomposition produces toxic sulfur oxides (SO₂, SO₃).
Toxicology information
Highly corrosive to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Causes severe burns and permanent damage. Inhalation of mists may cause respiratory distress and pulmonary edema. Ingestion can be fatal. Classified as harmful to aquatic life due to pH alteration. Must be handled with appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and stored in compatible materials.